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Leonard W. Murray
Rear Admiral Leonard Warren Murray, CB, CBE (22 June 1896 – 25 November 1971) was an officer of the Royal Canadian Navy who played a significant role in the Battle of the Atlantic. He commanded the Newfoundland Escort Force from 1941–1943, and from 1943 to the end of the war was Commander-in-Chief, Canadian Northwest Atlantic. He was the only Canadian to command an Allied theatre of operations during World War I or World War II.
==Early years to the end of World War I==
Leonard Warren Murray was born at Granton, Nova Scotia on 22 June 1896. His father Simon Dickson Murray (1859–1936) was a direct descendant of the Scottish immigrants who travelled to Pictou County on the Hector in 1773, and his mother was Jane Falconer (1868–1968). Simon was mid-level manager in various enterprises in Pictou Landing,〔Cameron, pp. 10–13.〕 and Leonard grew up close to the water. At 14 years of age, Murray left Pictou Academy to join the first intake of 21 recruits into the Royal Naval College of Canada in Halifax, which had just been created by the Naval Service Act of 4 May 1910.〔Tucker p. 140.〕
"The first winter at the naval college was absolute hell, we had no uniforms, we arrived in what we stood up in and had to send home for further clothing. A case of measles broke out very shortly and we were quarantined, and the only time we got out of the college was when we went to the skating rink to play hockey; and that was a great relief." - Admiral Murray.〔Taped interview with Murray at National Defence HQ in May 1970, transcribed in Library and Archives of Canada, Admiral Murray papers, Collection MG30 E207.〕
Immediately after graduating in January 1913,〔Original graduation certificate in Library and Archives of Canada, Admiral Murray papers, Collection MG30 E207〕 he served as a Midshipman on the Royal Navy vessel 〔Naval Personnel records of Leonard Murray in Library and Archives Canada AE42-14-29 and 60-M-11 Vol 3.〕 on duty protecting British interests in the Mexican Revolution, and then aboard . At the outbreak of World War I he was assigned to the protected cruiser HMCS ''Niobe'', the largest ship in the Canadian navy during World War I. Four of his classmates were sent to the Royal Navy cruiser and were killed off the coast of South America on 1 November 1914 at the Battle of Coronel – thereby becoming the first Canadian-service casualties of World War I.〔Tucker, p. 221〕 Murray served briefly as Flotilla Gunnery Officer on HMCS ''Margaret'' and then in February 1916 was promoted to Sub-Lieutenant while aboard . He spent the last two years of World War I as Assistant Navigating Officer on from January 1917 as Lieutenant, where he set up troop convoys across the Atlantic to outwit German U-boats – invaluable experience for the Battle of the Atlantic more than 20 years later. Murray ended the war in the North Sea aboard , and witnessed the surrender of the German fleet at Scapa Flow.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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